Age-sex adjusted associations between individual and area level sociodemographic characteristics and SF-36 physical component summary (PCS) scores (β coefficients (standard errors))
| Men | Women | All | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| β† | (SE) | β | (SE) | β | (SE) | |
| **p<0.01; ***p<0.001 for F test of overall significance; †β coefficients (standard errors) from linear regression adjusting for age and sex; a higher PCS score represents better physical functional health, therefore a positive coefficient implies better health and a negative coefficient implies worse health as compared with baseline. | ||||||
| Age | ||||||
| 41–54 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| 55–64 | −2.8 | (0.3) | −2.2 | (0.2) | −2.5 | (0.2) |
| 65–80 | −6.6 | (0.3)*** | −6.5 | (0.2)*** | −6.5 | (0.2)*** |
| Social class | ||||||
| I | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| II | −0.9 | (0.4) | 0.2 | (0.7) | −0.8 | (0.3) |
| IIIn | −1.7 | (0.5) | 0.3 | (0.7) | −1.0 | (0.4) |
| IIIm | −2.8 | (0.4) | −1.3 | (0.8) | −2.5 | (0.4) |
| IV | −3.4 | (0.5) | −1.0 | (0.8) | −2.5 | (0.4) |
| V | −5.4 | (1.0)*** | −2.0 | (0.9)*** | −3.6 | (0.6)*** |
| Marital status | ||||||
| Married/living as married | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Never married | −0.9 | (0.6) | −0.4 | (0.5) | −0.6 | (0.4) |
| Widowed | 0.1 | (0.6) | 0.0 | (0.3) | 0.0 | (0.3) |
| Divorced/separated | 0.0 | (0.5) | −1.4 | (0.4)** | −0.9 | (0.3)** |
| Employment status | ||||||
| Working | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Not working | −5.4 | (0.3)*** | −3.7 | (0.3)*** | −4.4 | (0.2)*** |
| Educational attainment | ||||||
| No qualifications | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| To age 16 | 2.1 | (0.4) | 0.9 | (0.3) | 1.3 | (0.2) |
| To age 18 | 1.2 | (0.3) | 0.8 | (0.2) | 0.9 | (0.2) |
| Degree level | 2.7 | (0.3)*** | 1.4 | (0.3)*** | 2.0 | (0.2)*** |
| Multiple deprivation | ||||||
| per SD increase | −0.8 | (0.1)*** | −0.5 | (0.1)*** | −0.6 | (0.1)*** |