OR (95% CI) for preterm birth, low birth weight, and IUGR by frequency of fish intake (non-shellfish eaters only). IUGR was defined as being below the 10th centile of birth weight for sex and gestational age
| Birth outcome | Smoking status | n | Frequency of fish intake* | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FREQ0 | FREQ1 | FREQ2 | FREQ4 | p§ | |||
| *Highest intake category is reference category; †adjusted for sex of infant, maternal smoking, age, parity, height, pre-pregnant weight, education, cohabitant status, and alcohol consumption (analyses in non-smokers not adjusted for smoking status); ‡non-smoker—that is, smoking 0 cigarettes per day at 32 weeks’ gestation; §p for linear trend. | |||||||
| Preterm birth | |||||||
| Crude | All | 9351 | 0.99 (0.70 to 1.39) | 1.11 (0.83 to 1.48) | 0.99 (0.73 to 1.34) | 1.00 | 0.714 |
| NonSm‡ | 7484 | 1.11 (0.74 to 1.66) | 1.18 (0.85 to 1.63) | 1.06 (0.75 to 1.50) | 1.00 | 0.417 | |
| Adjusted† | All | 8105 | 0.76 (0.52 to 1.13) | 1.01 (0.74 to 1.38) | 0.91 (0.66 to 1.27) | 1.00 | 0.418 |
| Non-smokers | 6659 | 0.95 (0.61 to 1.46) | 1.08 (0.76 to 1.52) | 0.96 (0.66 to 1.37) | 1.00 | 0.872 | |
| Low birth weight | |||||||
| Crude | All | 9238 | 1.33 (0.91 to 1.95) | 1.34 (0.97 to 1.87) | 1.15 (0.81 to 1.63) | 1.00 | 0.063 |
| NonSm | 7390 | 1.41 (0.89 to 2.23) | 1.31 (0.89 to 1.93) | 1.09 (0.72 to 1.65) | 1.00 | 0.070 | |
| Adjusted† | All | 8012 | 1.07 (0.69 to 1.65) | 1.25 (0.86 to 1.80) | 1.07 (0.73 to 1.58) | 1.00 | 0.492 |
| NonSm | 6577 | 1.18 (0.71 to 1.97) | 1.32 (0.87 to 2.00) | 0.98 (0.69 to 1.20) | 1.00 | 0.179 | |
| IUGR | |||||||
| Crude | All | 9238 | 1.85 (1.44 to 2.38) | 1.36 (1.08 to 1.72) | 1.17 (0.92 to 1.49) | 1.00 | <0.001 |
| NonSm | 7390 | 1.53 (1.12 to 2.09) | 1.26 (0.96 to 1.65) | 1.12 (0.85 to 1.48) | 1.00 | 0.004 | |
| Adjusted† | All | 8012 | 1.37 (1.02 to 1.84) | 1.17 (0.91 to 1.51) | 1.05 (0.81 to 1.38) | 1.00 | 0.017 |
| NonSm | 6577 | 1.40 (1.00 to 1.98) | 1.25 (0.93 to 1.67) | 1.09 (0.80 to 1.48) | 1.00 | 0.027 | |