Age adjusted odds ratios (95% CI) for physical and psychological symptoms by social relations and connections to school among 5205 11, 13, and 15 year olds in Denmark, 1998
| Girls | Boys | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Physical symptoms* | Psychological symptoms† | Physical symptoms* | Psychological symptoms† | |||||
| OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | |
| *>2 physical symptoms weekly. | ||||||||
| †>2 psychological symptoms weekly. All predictors here used as dichotomous measures,—that is, odds ratios refer to risk of outcome in the exposed group compared with the unexposed group. | ||||||||
| Parents: | ||||||||
| live with only one adult | 1.16 | 0.91 to 1.49 | 1.15 | 0.93 to 1.42 | 1.33 | 1.00 to 1.77 | 1.05 | 0.80 to 1.38 |
| difficult to talk with either parent about things that really bothers | 1.86 | 1.49 to 2.31 | 2.37 | 1.96 to 2.88 | 1.46 | 1.12 to 1.92 | 2.02 | 1.58 to 2.58 |
| parents expect too much from me in school | 1.65 | 1.32 to 2.06 | 1.67 | 1.37 to 2.02 | 1.49 | 1.18 to 1.89 | 1.56 | 1.25 to 1.95 |
| parents not ready to help with problems at school | 2.82 | 2.08 to 3.83 | 3.56 | 2.64 to 4.80 | 2.06 | 1.40 to 3.01 | 2.08 | 1.44 to 3.01 |
| parents not ready to come to meetings at school | 2.12 | 1.50 to 2.99 | 2.19 | 1.58 to 3.02 | 1.18 | 0.76 to 1.83 | 1.19 | 0.78 to 1.82 |
| parents don’t encourage me to do well at school | 1.96 | 1.53 to 2.53 | 2.45 | 1.95 to 3.07 | 1.57 | 1.16 to 2.13 | 1.92 | 1.45 to 2.55 |
| Combined parental relations index | 2.45 | 1.95 to 3.08 | 3.13 | 2.54 to 3.86 | 1.85 | 1.41 to 2.42 | 2.25 | 1.75 to 2.90 |
| Friends: | ||||||||
| difficult to talk with friends of same sex about things that really bothers | 1.47 | 1.16 to 1.87 | 2.15 | 1.75 to 2.65 | 1.10 | 0.86 to 1.42 | 1.57 | 1.25 to 1.97 |
| difficult to talk with friends of opposite sex about things that really bothers | 0.88 | 0.71 to 1.09 | 1.37 | 1.14 to 1.66 | 0.75 | 0.59 to 0.95 | 1.13 | 0.89 to 1.43 |
| less than two close friends | 1.12 | 0.81 to 1.54 | 2.50 | 1.92 to 3.26 | 1.51 | 1.04 to 2.19 | 2.06 | 1.48 to 2.87 |
| seldom with friends just after school | 0.93 | 0.75 to 1.15 | 1.64 | 1.37 to 1.96 | 0.95 | 0.72 to 1.24 | 1.66 | 1.32 to 2.10 |
| Combined friend relations index | 1.10 | 0.90 to 1.36 | 1.99 | 1.67 to 2.37 | 1.05 | 0.82 to 1.33 | 1.55 | 1.24 to 1.93 |
| Teachers: | ||||||||
| teachers don’t help me if I need extra help | 1.35 | 1.10 to 1.66 | 1.55 | 1.30 to 1.85 | 1.40 | 1.09 to 1.80 | 1.31 | 1.03 to 1.67 |
| teachers don’t treat students fairly | 1.71 | 1.40 to 2.09 | 1.72 | 1.45 to 2.04 | 1.54 | 1.21 to 1.95 | 1.36 | 1.09 to 1.70 |
| Combined teacher relations index | 1.60 | 1.28 to 2.01 | 1.84 | 1.51 to 2.24 | 1.74 | 1.32 to 2.30 | 1.52 | 1.16 to 2.00 |
| School: | ||||||||
| pupils are treated too strictly | 2.26 | 1.69 to 3.03 | 1.64 | 1.25 to 2.17 | 1.76 | 1.36 to 2.29 | 1.55 | 1.21 to 1.99 |
| the rules at our school are not fair | 1.41 | 1.16 to 1.72 | 1.53 | 1.29 to 1.81 | 1.74 | 1.37 to 2.20 | 1.52 | 1.22 to 1.89 |
| don’t feel safe at school | 2.67 | 2.19 to 3.27 | 3.64 | 3.04 to 4.35 | 2.45 | 1.92 to 3.11 | 3.79 | 3.01 to 4.76 |
| don’t feel I belong at my school | 1.32 | 1.08 to 1.62 | 1.77 | 1.48 to 2.11 | 1.52 | 1.18 to 1.96 | 1.85 | 1.45 to 2.35 |
| are bullied weekly | 2.32 | 1.70 to 3.17 | 4.44 | 3.28 to 6.00 | 2.78 | 2.01 to 3.83 | 5.09 | 3.80 to 6.81 |
| Combined school connections index | 2.49 | 2.00 to 3.08 | 3.41 | 2.80 to 4.15 | 2.70 | 2.12 to 3.43 | 3.00 | 2.39 to 3.77 |