Emergency hospital admissions | Age | Source | Reductions to achieve PM10 annual mean objective | Reductions to achieve 24 h-PM10 target for 31.12.2004 | Reductions to achieve 24 h-PM10 target for 31.12.2009 | Effect of reducing pollution to 0μg/m3 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
40 μg/m3[gravimetric] | 20 μg/m3[gravimetric] | 50 μg/m3[gravimetric] with 35 permitted exceedences | 50 μg/m3[gravimetric] with 7 permitted exceedences | No of events prevented or delayed pa | Events delayed as % of total events in a year | |||
Model 1d | Model 2d | Model 3b | Model 4b | |||||
*Figures for accident and emergency department attendances are given as a percentage of the baseline attendance rate. COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; LRTI, lower respiratory tract infection; IHD, ischaemic heart disease. | ||||||||
Respiratory | All | London | 4.3 | 20 | 5.0 | 8.0 | 36 | 2.8 |
COMEAP | 4.3 | 20 | 5.0 | 8.0 | 36 | 2.8 | ||
Asthma | 0–14 | London | 0.2 | 1.0 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.8 | 2.1 |
APHEA-2 | 0.4 | 2.0 | 0.5 | 0.8 | 3.6 | 4.2 | ||
APHEA-2(+NO2)(+NO2NNO2NO2) | 0.0 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.3 | ||
15–64 | London | 0.5 | 2.5 | 0.6 | 1.0 | 4.5 | 4.9 | |
APHEA-2 | 0.4 | 2.0 | 0.5 | 0.8 | 3.5 | 3.8 | ||
APHEA-2(+ NO2) | 0.2 | 0.7 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 1.3 | 1.4 | ||
COPD+ asthma | ⩾65 | London | 0.3 | 1.4 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 2.5 | 1.0 |
APHEA-2 | 1.0 | 4.6 | 1.1 | 0.8 | 8.3 | 3.5 | ||
APHEA-2 (+NO2) | 0.8 | 3.7 | 0.9 | 1.5 | 6.6 | 2.8 | ||
LRTI | ⩾65 | London | 1.4 | 6.6 | 1.6 | 2.6 | 12 | 4.6 |
Circulatory | 0–64 | London | 2.1 | 10 | 2.5 | 4.0 | 18 | 3.8 |
⩾65 | 2.0 | 9.7 | 2.4 | 3.8 | 7.4 | 1.7 | ||
All | APHEA-2 | 3.0 | 14 | 3.5 | 5.6 | 26 | 1.7 | |
IHD | 0–64 | London | 1.1 | 5.2 | 1.3 | 2.0 | 9.2 | 4.4 |
⩾65 | London | 1.0 | 4.9 | 1.2 | 1.8 | 8.8 | 2.8 | |
APHEA-2 | 1.0 | 4.9 | 1.2 | 1.8 | 8.8 | 2.8 | ||
A&E attendance* | ||||||||
Asthma | 0–14 | London(+NO2) | 0.6 | 2.9 | 0.7 | 1.2 | N/A | 5.2 |
London(cumulative) | 1.2 | 5.8 | 1.4 | 2.3 | N/A | 10.5 | ||
15–64 | 1.0 | 4.7 | 1.1 | 1.8 | N/A | 8.4 |