Table 2

Unadjusted odds ratios (95% confidence interval) for associations between the prevalence of common mental disorders and ward level socioeconomic deprivation (Carstairs index), rurality (using ONS Classification of Wards) and population density, respectively, by employment status, and adjusted for individual and household level confounders†

Unadjusted OR (95% CI)Adjusted OR (95% CI)
Employed (n=5864)Unemployed (n=604)Inactive (n=2715)Employed (n=5864)Unemployed (n=604)Inactive (n=2715)
Odds ratios obtained from logistic models, in which parameters were estimated using second order Taylor expansion with predictive quasi-likelihood (PQL) (see Methods).
†Age, sex, ethnicity, physical health problems, overcrowding, housing problems, low income, car access, and social class. *p<0.05.
Carstairs quintile
    Bottom quintile1.002.67 (1.33,5.37)*0.83 (0.58,1.20)1.002.81 (1.38,5.72)*0.97 (0.66,1.42)
    2nd quintile1.13 (0.89,1.44)2.40 (1.54,3.74)*1.18 (0.90,1.56)1.12 (0.88,1.43)2.28 (1.45,3.58)*1.20 (0.90,1.61)
    3rd quintile1.04 (0.81,1.35)4.16 (2.57,6.74)*1.46 (1.09,1.96)*0.99 (0.76,1.28)3.94 (2.39,6.49)*1.41 (1.03,1.93)*
    4th quintile1.02 (0.77,1.35)3.67 (2.35,5.73)*1.60 (1.17,2.19)*0.92 (0.69,1.21)2.87 (1.81,4.56)*1.38 (0.99,1.93)
    Top quintile1.21 (0.93,1.56)3.76 (2.61,5.40)*1.85 (1.40,2.45)*1.02 (0.79,1.32)2.83 (1.93,4.15)*1.53 (1.13,2.07)*
    Top v bottom1.21 (0.93,1.56)1.41 (0.85,2.34)2.23 (1.54,3.23)*1.02 (0.79,1.32)1.01 (0.60,1.70)1.58 (1.08,2.31)*
Rurality (ONS)
    Rural groups1.003.15 (1.78,5.60)*1.00 (0.75,1.35)1.003.29 (1.83,5.91)*1.00 (0.79,1.47)
    Non-rural groups1.09 (0.90,1.32)3.30 (2.56,4.26)*1.45 (1.18,1.78)*1.01 (0.84,1.22)2.78 (2.13,3.64)*1.33 (1.06,1.66)*
    Non-rural v rural1.09 (0.90,1.32)1.05 (0.59,1.88)1.45 (1.11,1.90)*1.01 (0.84,1.22)0.84 (0.46,1.52)1.33 (1.01,1.75)*
Population density
    Bottom quartile1.002.64 (1.74,4.01)*1.17 (0.92,1.47)1.002.42 (1.57,3.74)*1.22 (0.94,1.57)
    2nd quartile1.12 (0.91,1.36)4.02 (2.70,5.98)*1.30 (1.02,1.66)*1.13 (0.92,1.38)3.43 (2.27,5.18)*1.29 (0.99,1.68)
    3rd quartile1.06 (0.87,1.30)3.54 (2.47,5.08)*1.40 (1.09,1.78)*1.00 (0.81,1.23)3.08 (2.11,4.48)*1.38 (1.06,1.80)*
    Top quartile1.23 (1.01,1.49)*3.22 (2.25,4.60)*1.80 (1.42,2.28)*1.15 (0.94,1.40)2.86 (1.96,4.17)*1.60 (1.24,2.08)*
    Top v bottom1.23 (1.01, 1.49)1.22 (0.73,2.05)1.54 (1.17,2.02)*1.15 (0.94,1.40)1.18 (0.69,2.02)1.31 (0.99,1.73)