Adjusted regression coefficients for the relations between maternal smoking during pregnancy and school performance in respectively breast fed and bottle fed children, 95% confidence intervals (in parentheses) and p values
| Reading | Spelling | Arithmetic | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of cigarettes smoked daily | More than 3 weeks breast feeding (n=156) | |||
| *Significant at 0.05 level. | ||||
| †Adjusted for significant confounders: social economic state and sex of the child. | ||||
| ‡Adjusted for significant confounders: social economic state and civil state of the parents. | ||||
| 0 | 60.0% | crude link | crude link | crude link |
| 1–5 | 13.3% | −0.16 (−0.55 to 0.22) | −0.16 (−0.50 to 0.19) | −0.14 (−0.57 to 0.29) |
| 6–10 | 21.3% | p=0.164 | p=0.626 | p=0.516 |
| >10 | 5.3% | adjusted | adjusted | adjusted |
| 0.09† (−0.27 to 0.45) | 0.04† (−0.29 to 0.37) | 0.03‡ (−0.37 to 0.43) | ||
| 0.268 | 0.607 | 0.696 | ||
| Bottle feeding (n=388) | ||||
| 0 | 46.8% | crude link | crude link | crude link |
| 1–5 | 15.0% | −0.51 (−0.74 to −0.28) | −0.50 (−0.69 to −0.32) | −0.52 (−0.75 to −0.30) |
| 6–10 | 20.2% | p<0.001* | p<0.001* | p<0.001* |
| >10 | 18.0% | adjusted | adjusted | adjusted |
| −0.22† (−0.43 to −0.02) | −0.26† (−0.42 to −0.09) | −0.26‡ (−0.46 to −0.06) | ||
| 0.032* | 0.002* | 0.012* | ||