Multilevel logistic models of tract level socioeconomic variables and individual level Medi-Cal: examining the impact of cigarettes smoked per day, UCSF Cohort 1980–1990
| Model without smoking or interactions | Model with interactions | Model with smoking and interactions | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable* | Parameter estimate‡ | p Value | Parameter estimate‡ | p Value | Parameter estimate‡ | p Value |
| African American women, n=354 | ||||||
| Cigarettes per day | – | – | – | – | 0.0577 | 0.0012 |
| Medi-Cal insurance | 0.4904 | 0.0726 | 2.9432 | 0.0006 | 2.8204 | 0.0011 |
| Median income | −0.0177 | 0.1727 | −0.0233 | 0.0713 | −0.0171 | 0.2243 |
| Median income2 | 0.0020 | 0.0012 | 0.0023 | 0.0002 | 0.0020 | 0.0014 |
| Proportion unemployed | 18.7145 | 0.0002 | 44.3926 | 0.0001 | 43.1257 | 0.0001 |
| Proportion unemployed2 | −69.9021 | <0.00005 | −138.625 2 | 0.0002 | −129.473 5 | 0.0003 |
| Change in African American | 8.1161 | 0.0020 | 8.2689 | 0.0039 | 8.7025 | 0.0035 |
| Change in African American2 | 34.8994 | 0.0011 | 31.9562 | 0.0063 | 32.3387 | 0.0093 |
| Medi-Cal × p unemployed | – | – | −39.9200 | 0.0049 | −38.4063 | 0.0070 |
| Medi-Cal × p unemployed2 | – | – | 105.7676 | 0.0197 | 97.4579 | 0.0286 |
| Model without cigarette smoking | Model with cigarette smoking | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable† | Parameter estimate ‡ | p Value | Parameter estimate‡ | p Value |
| *Median income, median income in the census tract in 1990, centred and divided by 1000. Proportion unemployed, proportion of unemployed men >18 years old in the census tract in 1990. Change in African American, change in the proportion of African American residents in the census tract between 1980–1990. Medi-Cal × p unemployed, interaction term between the proportion of unemployed men in 1990 and Medi-Cal insurance coverage. | ||||
| †Change in unemployed, change in the proportion of unemployed men >18 years old in the census tract in between 1980–1990. | ||||
| ‡Parameter estimates are interpreted as in a logistic model with squared term, for example, OR=e^(−3.5530 × change in unemployed+78.2600 × change in unemployed2) for the change in proportion of unemployed men among white women. | ||||
| White women, n=1142 | ||||
| Cigarettes per day | – | – | 0.0169 | 0.1525 |
| Medi-Cal insurance | 0.3833 | 0.0368 | 0.3368 | 0.0638 |
| Change in unemployed | −3.3248 | 0.1212 | −3.5530 | 0.0917 |
| Change in unemployed2 | 76.9932 | <0.00005 | 78.2600 | <0.00005 |