Sociodemographic variables, leisure activities/hobbies, and cognitive function
| Effects† | Memory | AH 4 | Mill Hill | Phonemic fluency | Semantic fluency | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men | Women | Men | Women | Men | Women | Men | Women | Men | Women | |
| †Effect represented as β, standardised regression coefficient, and effects significant at p<0.001 unless equal to zero. Fit measures for all five models was the same, RMSEA = 0.08, CFI = 0.99. Significant sex differences are in bold. First set of estimates in the rows are from models that classify leisure as requiring high or low cognitive effort, second set from leisure classifies as individual or social. | ||||||||||
| Path a (Effect of age on SES) | −0.26 | −0.26 | −0.22 | −0.22 | −0.22 | −0.22 | −0.26 | −0.25 | −0.25 | −0.24 |
| Path a (Effect of age on SES) | −0.26 | −0.26 | −0.22 | −0.22 | −0.22 | −0.22 | −0.25 | −0.25 | −0.25 | −0.24 |
| Path b (Effect of age on low effort activities) | 0.12 | 0.12 | 0.13 | 0.12 | 0.11 | 0.11 | 0.12 | 0.12 | 0.12 | 0.12 |
| Path b (Effect of age on individual activities) | 0.16 | 0.20 | 0.15 | 0.19 | 0.15 | 0.19 | 0.16 | 0.20 | 0.16 | 0.19 |
| Path c (Effect of age on high effort activities) | 0.16 | 0.16 | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.14 | 0.14 | 0.16 | 0.16 | 0.15 | 0.15 |
| Path c (Effect of age on social activities) | 0.10 | 0.09 | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.10 | 0.09 | 0.09 | 0.09 |
| Path d (Effect of age on cognitive function) | −0.19 | −0.19 | −0.10 | −0.11 | 0.04 | 0.04 | −0.13 | −0.14 | −0.16 | −0.16 |
| Path d (Effect of age on cognitive function) | −0.18 | −0.18 | −0.10 | −0.10 | 0.04 | 0.05 | −0.12 | −0.13 | −0.15 | −0.15 |
| Path e (Effect SES on cognitive function) | 0.22 | 0.16 | 0.62 | 0.65 | 0.59 | 0.64 | 0.36 | 0.37 | 0.40 | 0.41 |
| Path e (Effect SES on cognitive function) | 0.23 | 0.18 | 0.62 | 0.65 | 0.60 | 0.65 | 0.37 | 0.38 | 0.41 | 0.42 |
| Path f (Effect of SES on low effort activities) | 0.26 | 0.26 | 0.28 | 0.28 | 0.27 | 0.27 | 0.26 | 0.26 | 0.27 | 0.27 |
| Path f (Effect of SES on individual activities) | 0.28 | 0.29 | 0.29 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.29 | 0.29 | 0.29 | 0.29 |
| Path g (Effect of SES on high effort activities) | 0.33 | 0.33 | 0.34 | 0.34 | 0.35 | 0.35 | 0.34 | 0.34 | 0.34 | 0.34 |
| Path g (Effect of SES on social activities) | 0.31 | 0.30 | 0.32 | 0.30 | 0.32 | 0.31 | 0.31 | 0.30 | 0.32 | 0.30 |
| Path h (Effect of low effort activities on cognition) | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | −0.04 | −0.04 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Path h (Effect of individual activities on cognition) | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.06 | 0.00 | 0.09 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.08 | 0.00 |
| Path i (Effect of high effort activities on cognition) | 0.09 | 0.09 | 0.14 | 0.06 | 0.17 | 0.08 | 0.11 | 0.06 | 0.16 | 0.05 |
| Path I (Effect of social activities on cognition) | 0.06 | 0.07 | 0.08 | 0.09 | 0.04 | 0.05 | 0.06 | 0.07 | 0.06 | 0.07 |