Incidence rates (IR) and relative risks (RR) of suicide by levels of home and work stress, by diazepam use and duration of use, and by combined measures of stress and diazepam use in the Nurses' Health Study, 1982–1996
| Suicide cases | IR* | RR† | Multivariate RR‡ (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| *Crude incidence rates per 100 000 person years of follow up; †relative risks adjusted for age; ‡relative risks (with 95% confidence intervals) adjusted for age, smoking status and quantity, alcohol intake, coffee consumption, and marital status; §low combined stress = light home stress and light or minimal work stress, or light work stress and light or minimal home stress; high combined stress = severe home stress and severe or moderate work stress, or severe work stress and severe or moderate home stress; ¶neither stress nor diazepam = low combined home and work stress and no diazepam use; either stress or diazepam = high combined home and work stress or diazepam use. | ||||
| Home stress | ||||
| Minimal | 15 | 6.4 | 2.1 | 2.1 (1.0 to 4.5) |
| Light | 11 | 3.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Moderate | 33 | 6.0 | 2.0 | 1.9 (1.0 to 3.8) |
| Severe | 13 | 13.3 | 4.4 | 3.7 (1.7 to 8.3) |
| Work stress | ||||
| Minimal | 10 | 9.4 | 2.3 | 2.4 (0.9 to 6.1) |
| Light | 8 | 3.9 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Moderate | 25 | 4.5 | 1.2 | 1.1 (0.5 to 2.5) |
| Severe | 12 | 8.6 | 2.1 | 1.9 (0.8 to 4.7) |
| Combined stress§ | ||||
| Low | 3 | 2.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| High | 14 | 10.9 | 5.7 | 4.9 (1.4 to 17) |
| Diazepam use | ||||
| No | 63 | 5.1 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Yes | 10 | 30.0 | 6.0 | 4.9 (2.5 to 9.7) |
| <3 years | 4 | 24.4 | 4.7 | 4.1 (1.5 to 11) |
| 3+ years | 5 | 34.0 | 6.7 | 5.2 (2.1 to 13) |
| Stress + diazepam¶ | ||||
| Neither | 2 | 1.4 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Either | 19 | 12.9 | 9.7 | 8.1 (1.9 to 35) |