Cigarette use in the Providence-National Collaborative Perinatal Project follow up sample according to socioeconomic status over the life course (n=657)
| Distribution of adult and childhood factors | Stages of cigarette use | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lifetime cigarette use in the entire sample* | Regular use among subjects with lifetime use† | Smoking cessation among regular users‡ | |||||||
| % | N | % | N | % | N | % | N | ||
| *Prevalence of lifetime cigarette smoking in the entire sample=80.7%. †Regular use defined as smoking at least one cigarette per day for at least one month. Prevalence of regular use among respondents reporting lifetime cigarette smoking=79.2%. ‡Non-smoker defined as cessation of regular use at least one year before interview. Prevalence of smoking cessation among regular smokers=23.1%. | |||||||||
| Demographic characteristics | |||||||||
| Sex | |||||||||
| Male | 61.2 | 402 | 76.6 | 308 | 77.6 | 239 | 24.7 | 56 | |
| Female | 38.8 | 255 | 87.1 | 222 | 81.5 | 181 | 24.6 | 41 | |
| Race/ethnicity | |||||||||
| White | 73.8 | 485 | 80.0 | 388 | 80.2 | 311 | 23.7 | 70 | |
| Non-white | 26.2 | 172 | 82.6 | 142 | 76.8 | 109 | 27.6 | 27 | |
| Adult socioeconomic status | |||||||||
| Educational attainment | |||||||||
| 0–11 years | 18.0 | 118 | 90.7 | 107 | 94.4 | 101 | 8.3 | 8 | |
| 12 years | 34.1 | 224 | 82.1 | 184 | 84.8 | 156 | 20.8 | 30 | |
| 13–15 years | 36.2 | 238 | 79.0 | 188 | 73.4 | 138 | 35.6 | 47 | |
| 16+years | 11.7 | 77 | 66.2 | 51 | 49.0 | 25 | 54.6 | 12 | |
| Occupation | |||||||||
| Unskilled, semiskilled manual | 34.1 | 224 | 83.5 | 187 | 83.4 | 156 | 16.0 | 24 | |
| Skilled manual | 47.5 | 312 | 82.4 | 257 | 82.9 | 213 | 25.1 | 49 | |
| Non-manual | 18.4 | 121 | 71.1 | 86 | 59.3 | 51 | 50.0 | 24 | |
| Childhood socioeconomic status | |||||||||
| Maternal educational attainment | |||||||||
| 0–8 years | 21.2 | 139 | 86.3 | 120 | 87.5 | 105 | 17.8 | 18 | |
| 9–11 years | 48.4 | 318 | 81.1 | 258 | 82.6 | 213 | 20.8 | 41 | |
| 12 years | 19.9 | 131 | 77.9 | 102 | 72.5 | 74 | 34.8 | 24 | |
| 13+years | 10.5 | 69 | 72.5 | 50 | 56.0 | 28 | 51.9 | 14 | |
| Parental occupation at subject’s birth and 7th year | |||||||||
| Birth | Age 7 | ||||||||
| Manual | Manual | 39.3 | 258 | 86.0 | 222 | 83.3 | 185 | 20.5 | 36 |
| Not employed at birth or age 7 | 21.5 | 141 | 86.5 | 122 | 82.8 | 101 | 15.8 | 15 | |
| Manual | Non-manual | 10.4 | 68 | 79.4 | 54 | 75.9 | 41 | 35.9 | 14 |
| Non-manual | Manual | 10.2 | 67 | 71.6 | 48 | 75.0 | 36 | 32.3 | 10 |
| Non-manual | Non-manual | 18.7 | 123 | 68.3 | 84 | 67.9 | 57 | 41.5 | 22 |
| Household below US poverty level between subject’s birth and 7th year | |||||||||
| Yes | 56.3 | 370 | 86.2 | 319 | 83.7 | 267 | 19.2 | 48 | |
| No | 43.7 | 287 | 73.5 | 211 | 72.5 | 153 | 34.3 | 49 | |