Year of visit (1996/97/98/99)† | 0.81 (0.65 to 1.01) | 1.05 (0.78 to 1.41) |
Gender |
Male | 1 | 1 |
Female | 1.99 (1.18 to 3.35) | 1.82 (1.01 to 3.30) |
HAART treatment |
No | 1 | 1 |
Yes | 0.39 (0.19 to 0.83) | 0.40 (0.17 to 0.95) |
Undetectable viral load |
No | 1 | 1 |
Yes | 1.10 (0.64 to 1.87) | 1.71 (0.90 to 3.23) |
Employed |
No | 1 | 1 |
Yes | 0.83 (0.48 to 1.43) | 0.92 (0.49 to 1.74) |
In drug maintenance treatment (DMT)* |
No | 1 | 1 |
Yes | 0.96 (0.60 to 1.54) | 0.59 (0.33 to 1.05) |
Depressed‡ |
No | 1 | 1 |
Yes | 1.62 (1.05 to 2.47) | 1.76 (1.04 to 2.99) |
Alcohol consumption ≥5 glasses/day* |
No | 1 | 1 |
Yes | 2.31 (1.28 to 4.16) | 2.42 (1.21 to 4.82) |
Injected drugs* |
No | 1 | 1 |
Yes | 1.83 (1.21 to 2.77) | 1.01 (0.54 to 1.90) |
Shared cooker, cotton or water for injecting* |
No | 1 | 1 |
Yes | 2.93 (1.68 to 5.14) | 2.89 (1.34 to 6.24) |
Main sexual partner's HIV status* |
No main partner | 1 | 1 |
HIV − or unknown | 1.95 (1.15 to 3.30) | 2.36 (1.33 to 4.21) |
HIV + | 5.98 (3.20 to 11.17) | 6.99 (3.47 to 14.06) |
Occasional sexual partners* |
No | 1 | 1 |
Yes | 1.50 (0.98 to 2.30) | 1.44 (0.85 to 2.44] |