Crude incidence rates along with crude and adjusted incidence rate ratios (IRRs) for time to perimenopause, stratified by socioeconomic characteristics, among 603 women from the Harvard Study of Moods and Cycles, Boston, Massachusetts, 1996–2000
| Socioeconomic position variables | Total | Crude IR (cases/1000 woman years) | Crude IRR (95% CI) | Adjusted IRR* (95% CI) | Adjusted IRR*† (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| *Model adjusted for age at baseline, age at menarche, parity, years of OC use, family history of early menopause. †Model additionally adjusted for race/ethnicity, smoking (never, past, and current), depression, and body mass index. ‡Calculated according to US Census Bureau 1998 Poverty Thresholds, by size of family and number of related children under 18 years. Poverty line defined as $16813 for a family of four. §Highest educational level achieved by respondent’s mother or father. N=13 women could not recall parents’ education. ¶Highest educational level achieved by respondent or respondent’s most recent spouse/partner. **Classified according to head of household. | ||||||
| Economic distress across lifecourse: | ||||||
| Never | 400 | 127 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| As child but not adult | 73 | 148 | 1.15 (0.73 to 1.81) | 1.11 (0.69 to 1.76) | 1.10 (0.69 to 1.80) | |
| As adult but not child | 84 | 144 | 1.12 (0.73 to 1.72) | 1.14 (0.74 to 1.75) | 1.03 (0.66 to 1.60) | |
| As both child and adult | 46 | 221 | 1.75 (1.10 to 2.79) | 1.80 (1.12 to 2.89) | 1.59 (0.97 to 2.61) | |
| If lost sources of household income, could maintain current standard of living for: (n=601) | ||||||
| More than 2 months | 427 | 132 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| Less than 2 months | 95 | 154 | 1.19 (0.80 to 1.76) | 1.28 (0.86 to 1.90) | 1.13 (0.75 to 1.69) | |
| Don’t know | 79 | 162 | 1.23 (0.80 to 1.88) | 1.21 (0.79 to 1.86) | 1.09 (0.71 to 1.70) | |
| Current adult household income: | ||||||
| Percentage of poverty line, US census‡ (n=590) | ||||||
| >400 | 245 | 142 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| 200%–400 | 267 | 128 | 0.91 (0.66 to 1.26) | 0.91 (0.65 to 1.25) | 0.85 (0.61 to 1.19) | |
| <200 | 78 | 157 | 1.11 (0.70 to 1.74) | 1.07 (0.67 to 1.70) | 0.90 (0.55 to 1.44) | |
| Current income from assets: | ||||||
| Bank account interest, rent from owned property, or dividends from stocks or bonds | 331 | 138 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| Bank account interest only, no rent or dividends | 87 | 133 | 0.97 (0.62 to 1.50) | 1.10 (0.70 to 1.72) | 1.12 (0.71 to 1.76) | |
| No income from assets | 185 | 143 | 1.03 (0.74 to 1.44) | 1.10 (0.79 to 1.53) | 0.94 (0.66 to 1.33) | |
| Highest level of education, respondent | ||||||
| Graduate degree | 260 | 127 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| College degree | 194 | 143 | 1.13 (0.80 to 1.60) | 1.16 (0.82 to 1.64) | 1.16 (0.82 to 1.66) | |
| Some college, vocational, technical | 118 | 139 | 1.11 (0.74 to 1.66) | 1.09 (0.72 to 1.65) | 0.99 (0.64 to 1.52) | |
| High School diploma | 31 | 206 | 1.66 (0.92 to 3.00) | 1.51 (0.82 to 2.76) | 1.24 (0.65 to 2.38) | |
| Highest level of education, childhood household (n=590)§ | ||||||
| Graduate or college degree | 306 | 133 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| Some college, vocational, technical | 106 | 136 | 1.02 (0.67 to 1.55) | 1.02 (0.67 to 1.55) | 1.01 (0.66 to 1.55) | |
| High School diploma | 150 | 129 | 0.98 (0.68 to 1.41) | 0.87 (0.60 to 1.26) | 0.84 (0.58 to 1.22) | |
| Less than 12th grade | 28 | 231 | 1.78 (0.97 to 3.27) | 1.80 (0.96 to 3.35) | 1.50 (0.79 to 2.85) | |
| Highest level of education, current adult household¶ | ||||||
| Graduate degree | 347 | 123 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| College degree | 156 | 154 | 1.26 (0.90 to 1.77) | 1.36 (0.96 to 1.93) | 1.37 (0.96 to 1.96) | |
| Some college, vocational, technical | 85 | 152 | 1.26 (0.83 to 1.93) | 1.26 (0.82 to 1.94) | 1.14 (0.73 to 1.79) | |
| High school diploma | 15 | 269 | 2.24 (1.04 to 4.83) | 2.07 (0.94 to 4.54) | 1.73 (0.75 to 3.98) | |
| Highest level of education, combined households (n=590)§¶ | ||||||
| Childhood household | Adult household | |||||
| ≥4 y college | >4 y college | 219 | 131 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| ≥4 y college | ≤4 y college | 87 | 135 | 1.04 (0.65 to 1.65) | 1.15 (0.72 to 1.84) | 1.14 (0.70 to 1.84) |
| <4 y college | >4 y college | 124 | 106 | 0.81 (0.52 to 1.26) | 0.76 (0.49 to 1.19) | 0.77 (0.49 to 1.20) |
| <4 y college | ≤4 y college | 160 | 168 | 1.30 (0.90 to 1.86) | 1.26 (0.87 to 1.81) | 1.18 (0.80 to 1.73) |
| Occupation across lifecourse (n=601)** | ||||||
| Childhood household | Adult household | |||||
| Owner or supervisory | Owner or supervisory | 262 | 123 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Owner or supervisory | Non-supervisory | 89 | 204 | 1.68 (1.12 to 2.51) | 1.71 (1.14 to 2.57) | 1.52 (1.00 to 2.31) |
| Non-supervisory | Owner or supervisory | 122 | 143 | 1.18 (0.79 to 1.75) | 1.12 (0.75 to 1.68) | 1.01 (0.67 to 1.52) |
| Non-supervisory | Non-supervisory | 128 | 127 | 1.02 (0.68 to 1.54) | 0.99 (0.66 to 1.49) | 0.83 (0.54 to 1.27) |