Condition | Effects of alcohol |
Rectal cancer | Log RR = 0.0042.alc1-150 (+0.0282.alc if female1-151) |
Oropharyngeal cancer | Log RR = 0.0348.alc—0.0001.alc^2 (+0.0015.alc if female −0.0067.alc if non-Med. country1-152) |
Oesophageal cancer | Log RR = 0.0186.alc—0.0000001.alc^3 (−0.0028.alc if non-Med. country) |
Liver cancer | Log RR = 0.0074.alc—0.00001.alc^2 |
Laryngeal cancer | Log RR = 0.0197.alc—0.00000002.alc^3 (−0.0120.alc if non-Med. country) |
Breast cancer | Log RR = 0.0123.alc (−0.0046.alc if non-Med. country) |
Colon cancer | Log RR = 0.0014.alc (+0.0116.alc if cohort studies1-153) |
IHD | Log RR = 0.0011.alc—1.0650√alc (+0.0062.alc if female) |
Haemorrhagic stroke | Log RR = 0.0150.alc |
Essential hypertension | Log RR = 0.0142.alc |
Chronic pancreatitis | Log RR = 0.0116.alc |
Alcholic liver disease | 100% deaths attributable to alcohol consumption |
Non-dependent abuse of alcohol | 100% deaths attributable to alcohol consumption |
Alcohol dependence syndrome | 100% deaths attributable to alcohol consumption |
Alcoholic psychosis | 100% deaths attributable to alcohol consumption |
Alcoholic cardiomyopathy | 100% deaths attributable to alcohol consumption |
Alcoholic gastritis | 100% deaths attributable to alcohol consumption |
Assaults | 47% deaths attributable to alcohol consumption |
Accidental drowning | 31–50% deaths attributable to alcohol consumption (varies by age and sex1-160) |
Accidental falls | 31–50% deaths attributable to alcohol consumption (varies by age and sex) |
Accidents caused by fire and flames | 44% deaths attributable to alcohol consumption |
Inhalation and ingestion | 5% deaths attributable to alcohol consumption1-164 |
Occupational and machine injuries | 0–9% deaths attributable to alcohol consumption (varies by age and sex) |
Accidental poisoning by alcohol | 100% deaths attributable to alcohol consumption |
Motor vehicle accidents | 5–40% deaths attributable to alcohol consumption (varies by age and sex) |
Suicide | Relative risks of 1.40 for “low consumption”, 2.32 for “hazardous consumption” and 2.52 for “harmful consumption”1-161 |
↵1-150 alc = alcohol dose in grams per day.
↵1-151 Corraoet al tested for interactions due to gender and where significant effects were found we have used the separate risk functions for men and women.
↵1-152 Corrao et altested for interactions due to the area in which the study was performed. Where area effects were found, we used the non-Mediterranean coefficient.
↵1-153 Corrao et al tested for study design interactions and when found we have used the cohort design model.
↵1-160 Further details are available from the authors upon request.
↵1-164 Based on an estimate from the Office for National Statistics, personal communication.
↵1-161 See paper by Englishet al for details.13