Obstetric risk factors. Hierarchical classification of indications for caesarean
| Category | Description | ICD-9-CM | |
| Breech | Breech presentation | 652.2 | |
| Dystocia | Materno-fetal disproportion | 653 | |
| Obstructed birth | 660 | ||
| Abnormal uterine contractions | 661 (except 661.3) | ||
| Prolonged labour | 662 | ||
| Abnormal presentation | 652 (except 652.1, 652.5) | ||
| Failure in induction of labour | 659.0/659.1 | ||
| Fetal distress | Fetal distress | 656.3 | |
| Prolapsed cord | 663.0 | ||
| Other | Antepartum haemorrhage, abruptio placenta and previa placenta | 641 | |
| Insufficient or excessive fetal growth | 656.5/656.6 | ||
| Genital herpes | 647.6/54 | ||
| Diabetes mellitus/abnormal glucose tolerance | 648.0/648.8 | ||
| Arterial hypertension | 642 | ||
| Oligohydramnios | 658.0 | ||
| Infection of amniotic cavity | 658.4 | ||
| Malformation of fetal SNC | 655.0 | ||
| Congenital/acquired abnormality of cervix or vagina | 654.6/654.7 | ||
| Iso-immunisation with Rh antigen | 656.1 | ||
| Cerebral occlusion-haemorrhage | 430,431,432,433,434 | ||
| Remainder abnormal births | Remainder of births not coded under code 650 (completely normal birth) or coded under V27.0 (newborns), 670 to 676 (complications during puerperium) or 654.2 (previous caesarean) | ||