Non-accidental head injury – a consequence of deprivation?
- 1 Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Edinburgh, and Child Life and Health University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom;
- 2 Child Life and Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom;
- 3 Royal Aberdeen Children's Hospital, Aberdeen, United Kingdom;
- 4 University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom;
- 5 University of Edinburgh, Child Life and Health, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Correspondence to: Robert Anthony Minns, Child Life and Health, University of Edinburgh, Child Life and Health, 20 Sylvan Place, Edinburgh, EH9 1UW, United Kingdom; robert.minns{at}ed.ac.uk
- Received 19 March 2009
- Accepted 4 October 2009
- Published Online First 1 November 2009
Abstract
Background: Non-accidental head injury (NAHI) is a significant personal and public health problem, with considerable mortality and morbidity. The evidence base for risk factors specific for NAHI is limited due to difficulties with case definition and study design. We evaluated the risk factors associated with NAHI in infants and addressed the extent to which indices of deprivation influence this health problem.
Methods: A 10-year prospective study was conducted in Scotland involving all paediatric hospitals and other general hospital departments admitting children. Subjects were children ≤2 years of age, with a diagnosis of ‘suspected NAHI’. Socio-economic characteristics of the index cases were compared to the general population, using the Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation (SIMD) 2006.
Results: There were highly significant differences (p<0.001) between the SIMD rank scores of the NAHI cases and scores for the whole Scottish population. For the cohort, SIMD ranks ranged from 34 – 6253 (median 1210; mean 1577) compared to the population range of 1 – 6505 (median and mean = 3253). Similar differences were found for each of the component domains of income, employment, health, education, crime and housing (p<0.001). In contrast, the scores for ‘geographic access’ (to essential service) were higher than for the whole population (p<0.001), indicating that the deprivation was not due to lack of local services.
Conclusion: In Scotland, children who present with suspected NAHI originate predominantly from the most deprived areas of the community. Public health and intervention strategies should be focussed in these areas.
