Effects of dietary fibre intake on risk factors for cardiovascular disease in subjects at high risk
- R Estruch1,2,
- M A Martínez-González3,
- D Corella2,4,
- J Basora-Gallisá5,
- V Ruiz-Gutiérrez6,
- M I Covas2,7,
- M Fiol2,8,
- E Gómez-Gracia9,
- M C López-Sabater10,
- R Escoda1,
- M A Pena11,
- J Diez-Espino3,
- C Lahoz12,
- J Lapetra2,13,
- G Sáez14,
- E Ros2,15
- 1Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona
- 2Ciber Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III
- 3Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine-Clinica Universitaria, University of Navarra
- 4Department of Epidemiology, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Valencia
- 5Direcció d’Atenció Primària Reus-Tarragona, Institut Català de la Salut, Human Nutrition Unit, School of Medicine, University Rovira i Virgili, Reus (Tarragona)
- 6Instituto de la Grasa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Sevilla
- 7Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Municipal Institut for Medical Research (IMIM), Barcelona
- 8Institut Universitari d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Palma de Mallorca
- 9Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of Malaga
- 10Department of Nutrition and Bromatology, School of Pharmacy, Barcelona
- 11Clinical Trial Unit, Fundación LEIA-Hospital Txangorritxu, Vitoria
- 12Arteriosclerosis Unit, Hospital Carlos III, Madrid
- 13San Pablo Health Center, Sevilla
- 14Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Valencia
- 15Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
- Dr Ramon Estruch, Dept. of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic, Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; restruch{at}clinic.ub.es
- Accepted 11 February 2009
- Published Online First 15 March 2009
Abstract
Background: Epidemiological studies and feeding trials with supplements suggest that fibre intake is associated with a reduction in cardiovascular risk. However, the effects of changes in dietary fibre on risk factor levels have not been evaluated in free-living individuals. Thus, the effects of changes in dietary fibre intake on cardiovascular risk factors were assessed over 3 months in free-living high-risk subjects.
Methods: 772 high-risk subjects (age 69±5 years) were assigned to a low-fat diet or two Mediterranean-style diets. All participants received behavioural and nutritional education, including recommendations for increasing the consumption of vegetables, fruits, and legumes. Changes in food and nutrient intake, body weight, blood pressure, lipid profiles, glucose control and inflammatory markers were evaluated.
Results: Most participants increased consumption of vegetable products, but the increase in dietary fibre exhibited wide between-subject variability (6–65 g/day). Body weight, waist circumference, and mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure decreased across quintiles of fibre intake (p<0.005; all). Reductions in fasting glucose and total cholesterol levels, and increments in HDL cholesterol were highest among participants in the upper 20% of fibre intake (p = 0.04 and 0.02 respectively). Plasma concentrations of C-reactive protein, but not those of inflammatory cytokines, decreased in parallel with increasing dietary fibre (p = 0.04). Significant reductions in LDL cholesterol were observed only among participants with the greatest increases in soluble fibre intake (p = 0.04).
Conclusions: Increasing dietary fibre intake with natural foods is associated with reductions in classical and novel cardiovascular risk factors in a high-risk cohort.
Footnotes
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Competing interests: None.
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Funding: Grant support by the Spanish Minister of Health (RTIC G03/140 and RD06/0045), the FIS 070473, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC06) and MADAUS Pharm.
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Ethics approval: The Institutional Review Boards of the participating centres approved the study protocol (eg Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain, as the coordinating centre).
