Table 2 Association between exposure to interparental violence in childhood and five psychosocial maladjustment outcomes in adulthood,
SIRS cohort, Paris metropolitan area, 2005
| Internalising disorders | Intrafamilial conduct disorders | Alcohol dependence | |||
| Depression | Lifetime suicide attempts | Intimate partner violence | Perpetrating child maltreatment | (n = 3002) | |
| (n = 3011) | (n = 3007) | (n = 2668) | (n = 1935) | ||
| aOR (95% CI) | aOR (95% CI) | aOR (95% CI) | aOR (95% CI) | aOR (95% CI) | |
| Model 1. Baseline model | |||||
| Witnessed interparental violence in childhood | 2.01*** (1.53 to 2.65) | 2.80*** (1.75 to 4.48) | 4.67*** (2.93 to 7.45) | 6.66*** (2.74 to 16.18) | 2.24*** (1.62 to 3.09) |
| Model 2. Baseline model + childhood family-level stressors | |||||
| Witnessed interparental violence in childhood | 1.57** (1.14 to 2.17) | 1.29 (0.72 to 2.33) | 3.55*** (2.00 to 6.33) | 4.81** (1.68 to 13.79) | 1.75** (1.19 to 2.57) |
| Poor mother–child relationship | 1.45* (1.05 to 2.00) | 2.04** (1.20 to 3.45) | 1.85* (1.02 to 3.34) | 0.80 (0.25 to 2.55) | 0.91 (0.59 to 1.40) |
| Poor father–child relationship | 1.50** (1.13 to 1.98) | 1.98** (1.19 to 3.30) | 1.13 (0.65 to 1.97) | 2.08 (0.74 to 5.88) | 1.55* (1.11 to 2.16) |
| Parental separation or divorce | 0.75 (0.52 to 1.07) | 0.97 (0.51 to 1.83) | 0.82 (0.42 to 1.62) | 0.61 (0.14 to 2.62) | 0.97 (0.64 to 1.49) |
| Parental incarceration | 1.61 (0.59 to 4.41) | 0.36 (0.02 to 5.86) | 1.73 (0.36 to 8.22) | NA | 0.23 (0.03 to 2.06) |
| Parental suicide attempt | 1.60 (0.80 to 3.21) | 2.55 (0.96 to 6.78) | 1.66 (0.56 to 4.88) | NA | 0.93 (0.36 to 2.42) |
| Parental alcohol abuse | 0.97 (0.62 to 1.49) | 1.86 (0.94 to 3.68) | 0.58 (0.27 to 1.25) | 0.68 (0.16 to 2.92) | 1.64 (0.99 to 2.72) |
| Physical maltreatment in childhood | 1.38 (0.80 to 2.35) | 1.51 (0.66 to 3.46) | 5.62*** (2.79 to 11.31) | 7.24** (1.75 to 30.06) | 1.06 (0.50 to 2.23) |
| Sexual abuse in childhood | 2.03* (1.11 to 3.74) | 2.59* (1.03 to 6.49) | 2.57* (1.07 to 6.16) | 2.59 (0.55 to 12.22) | 1.90 (0.81 to 4.46) |
| Model 3. Baseline model + childhood social-level stressors | |||||
| Witnessed interparental violence in childhood | 1.75*** (1.31 to 2.34) | 2.74*** (1.68 to 4.50) | 4.25*** (2.60 to 6.97) | 6.77*** (2.67 to 17.14) | 2.19*** (1.57 to 3.05) |
| Family financial problems | 1.38* (1.03 to 1.86) | 0.62 (0.33 to 1.18) | 1.51 (0.87 to 2.61) | 1.29 (0.41 to 4.08) | 1.12 (0.76 to 1.66) |
| Poor parental health status | 1.05 (0.79 to 1.39) | 1.27 (0.76 to 2.11) | 1.08 (0.62 to 1.86) | 1.76 (0.67 to 4.61) | 1.12 (0.80 to 1.56) |
| Housing problems | 1.28 (0.82 to 2.02) | 2.51* (1.18 to 5.32) | 1.34 (0.61 to 2.95) | 2.28 (0.52 to 10.02) | 1.35 (0.75 to 2.44) |
| Parental unemployment | 1.53* (1.04 to 2.23) | 0.99 (0.45 to 2.19) | 1.01 (0.47 to 2.16) | 0.24 (0.02 to 2.58) | 0.96 (0.55 to 1.66) |
| Full model: baseline model + childhood family-level stressors + social-level stressors | |||||
| Witnessed interparental violence in childhood | 1.44* (1.03 to 2.00) | 1.36 (0.75 to 2.48) | 3.17*** (1.75 to 5.73) | 4.75** (1.60 to 14.14) | 1.75** (1.19 to 2.57) |
| Poor mother–child relationship | 1.49* (1.08 to 2.06) | 2.09** (1.23 to 3.56) | 2.04* (1.13 to 3.70) | 0.84 (0.26 to 2.71) | 0.91 (0.59 to 1.40) |
| Poor father–child relationship | 1.43* (1.08 to 1.90) | 2.02** (1.20 to 3.38) | 1.05 (0.60 to 1.86) | 1.84 (0.64 to 5.36) | 1.53* (1.09 to 2.15) |
| Parental separation or divorce | 0.71 (0.49 to 1.03) | 0.99 (0.52 to 1.88) | 0.74 (0.37 to 1.49) | 0.62 (0.14 to 2.72) | 0.96 (0.62 to 1.47) |
| Parental incarceration | 1.40 (0.50 to 3.89) | 0.33 (0.02 to 5.53) | 1.57 (0.33 to 7.38) | NA | 0.21 (0.02 to 1.96) |
| Parental suicide attempt | 1.49 (0.73 to 3.04) | 2.63 (0.97 to 7.16) | 1.50 (0.49 to 4.57) | NA | 0.90 (0.34 to 2.37) |
| Parental alcohol abuse | 0.98 (0.63 to 1.52) | 2.02* (1.01 to 4.04) | 0.64 (0.29 to 1.37) | 0.76 (0.18 to 3.26) | 1.66* (1.00 to 2.76) |
| Physical maltreatment in childhood | 1.34 (0.77 to 2.34) | 1.39 (0.60 to 3.18) | 6.09*** (2.95 to 12.55) | 8.48** (1.99 to 36.20) | 1.09 (0.52 to 2.30) |
| Sexual abuse in childhood | 2.02* (1.09 to 3.73) | 2.64* (1.06 to 6.62) | 2.56* (1.06 to 6.22) | 3.01 (0.63 to 14.39) | 1.88 (0.80 to 4.42) |
| Family financial problems | 1.32 (0.98–1.80) | 0.50 (0.25 to 1.01) | 1.59 (0.89 to 2.85) | 1.34 (0.40 to 4.55) | 1.06 (0.70 to 1.59) |
| Poor parental health status | 0.97 (0.72 to 1.30) | 1.09 (0.64 to 1.88) | 0.91 (0.51 to 1.62) | 1.51 (0.54 to 4.16) | 1.04 (0.73 to 1.47) |
| Housing problems | 1.23 (0.76 to 1.97) | 2.17 (0.92 to 5.10) | 1.19 (0.50 to 2.83) | 2.74 (0.57 to 13.13) | 1.09 (0.58 to 2.05) |
| Parental unemployment | 1.55* (1.05 to 2.29) | 0.96 (0.40 to 2.29) | 1.23 (0.55 to 2.71) | 0.26 (0.02 to 3.21) | 1.09 (0.62 to 1.91) |
-
Comparison of different multivariate logistic regression models: (1) baseline model (adjusted for age, gender, nationality and SES in adulthood); (2) baseline model adjusted for family-level stressors in childhood; (3) baseline model adjusted for social-level stressors in childhood; and (4) baseline model adjusted for both types of stressors in childhooda.
-
*p Value <0.05; **p value <0.01; ***p value <0.001; NA, not applicable.
