Exposure to indoor mould and children’s respiratory health in the PATY study
- T Antova1,
- S Pattenden2,
- B Brunekreef3,
- J Heinrich4,
- P Rudnai5,
- F Forastiere6,
- H Luttmann-Gibson7,
- L Grize8,
- B Katsnelson9,
- H Moshammer10,
- B Nikiforov11,
- H Slachtova12,
- K Slotova13,
- R Zlotkowska14,
- T Fletcher2
- 1Environmental Health Unit, NCPHP, Sofia, Bulgaria
- 2LSHTM, London, UK
- 3IRAS, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- 4Institute of Epidemiology, Neuherberg, Germany
- 5“Jozsef Fodor” National Center of Public Health, Budapest, Hungary
- 6ASL RME, Rome, Italy
- 7Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- 8University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- 9Ural Regional Centre for Environmental Epidemiology, Yekaterinburg, Russia
- 10Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- 11Environmental Health Unit, NCHMEN, Sofia, Bulgaria
- 12Regional Institute of Hygiene, Ostrava, Czech Republic
- 13Regional Authority of Public Health, Banska Bystrica, Slovakia
- 14Institute of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, Sosnowiec, Poland
- Dr S Pattenden, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK; sam.pattenden{at}lshtm.ac.uk
- Accepted 28 October 2007
Abstract
Background: Living in a damp or mouldy home reportedly damages children’s respiratory health, yet mould appears not to be a prominent risk factor in the public’s perception. Analyses of data on over 58 000 children from the Pollution and the Young (PATY) study are presented. In this collaboration, researchers from 12 cross-sectional studies pooled their data to assess the effects of air quality on a spectrum of children’s respiratory disorders.
Method: Original studies were conducted in Russia, North America and 10 countries in Eastern and Western Europe. Pooled analyses were restricted to children aged 6–12 years. Associations between visible mould reported in the household and a spectrum of eight respiratory and allergic symptoms were estimated within each study. Logistic regressions were used, controlling for individual risk factors and for study area. Heterogeneity between study-specific results and mean effects (allowing for heterogeneity) were estimated using meta-analysis.
Results: Visible mould was reported by 13.9% of respondents in Russia, increasing to 39.1% in North America. Positive associations between exposure to mould and children’s respiratory health were seen with considerable consistency across studies and across outcomes. Confounder-adjusted combined ORs ranged from 1.30 (95% CI 1.22 to 1.39) for “nocturnal cough” to 1.50 (1.31 to 1.73) for “morning cough”. Evidence of stronger effects in more crowded households was statistically significant for only asthma and sensitivity to inhaled allergens. No consistent interactions between mould and age, sex or parental smoking were found.
Conclusion: Indoor mould exposure was consistently associated with adverse respiratory health outcomes in children living in these diverse countries.
Footnotes
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Funding: The PATY study was funded within the Key Action on Environment and Health of the European Union Quality of Life Programme (5th Framework), contract no. QLRT-2001-02544. For details of funding of component studies refer to their publications.
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Competing interests: None.
