When does work stress hurt? Testing the interaction with socioeconomic position in the Heinz Nixdorf Recall Study
- 1Department of Medical Sociology, University of Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
- 2Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Essen, Essen, Germany
- 3Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital of Essen and Medical Faculty of the University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- 4Institute of Medical Epidemiology, Biometry and Informatics, Medical Faculty, University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
- Dr N Wege, Department of Medical Sociology, University of Duesseldorf, PO Box 10 10 07, D-40001 Duesseldorf, Germany; natalia.wege{at}uni-duesseldorf.de
- Accepted 4 June 2007
Abstract
Study objective: To study systematically the separate and combined effects of work stress and socioeconomic position on three measures of health in an unselected working population.
Design: Two exposures (high demand/low control (“job strain”); effort–reward imbalance at work) are related to angina pectoris, depression, and poor self-rated health in a cross-sectional study design in which socioeconomic position was measured by occupational position and educational level.
Setting: Baseline data of a prospective population-based cohort study in Germany, collected between 2000 and 2003.
Participants: 1749 employed or self-employed men and women (36.3% of total sample) aged 45–65 years.
Main results: Effort–reward imbalance and job strain were associated with elevated odds ratios of all three health measures, using logistic regression analysis. The prevalence of poorer health was always highest in subgroups defined by high work stress and low socioeconomic position, with respective odds ratios ranging from 2.30 to 2.98 (95% CI 1.38 to 4.52) for self-rated health, 1.70 to 2.24 (95% CI 1.04 to 3.88) for angina and 2.61 to 8.20 (95% CI 1.53 to 14.15) for depression.
Conclusion: Although stress at work was related to poorer health in the total study group, the strongest associations were consistently observed in men and women with low educational level or low occupational position. Worksite health promotion should be directed primarily towards these target groups.
Footnotes
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Funding: The baseline screening of the Heinz Nixdorf Recall study was funded by the Heinz Nixdorf Foundation (Chairman Dr jur G Schmidt, Essen, Germany). The present project was additionally funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG SI 236/8-1; 9-1).
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Competing interests: none.
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Ethics approval: The research protocol of the Heinz Nixdorf Recall study has been approved by the local ethics committee (University Duisburg-Essen) and informed consent has been obtained from each participant.
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Contributions: NW conceived and designed the research, analysed and interpreted the data, and contributed to writing the paper. ND acquired data, performed the statistical analyses and made critical revisions of the manuscript. SM and AS acquired data and made critical revisions of the manuscript. RE and K-HJ handled funding and supervision, and made critical revisions of the manuscript. JS drafted the manuscript, and handled funding and supervision.
