A brief conceptual tutorial of multilevel analysis in social epidemiology: linking the statistical concept of clustering to the idea of contextual phenomenon

Juan Merlo; Basile Chaix; Min Yang; John Lynch; Lennart Råstam

doi:10.1136/jech.2004.023473

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Continuing professional education

A brief conceptual tutorial of multilevel analysis in social epidemiology: linking the statistical concept of clustering to the idea of contextual phenomenon

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	Abstract	Full	Pdf
May 2005	246	95	219
Jun 2005	138	181	180
Jul 2005	67	104	68
Aug 2005	54	105	80
Sep 2005	41	109	90
Oct 2005	55	84	54
Nov 2005	54	99	60
Dec 2005	54	83	57
Jan 2006	53	25	37
Feb 2006	47	29	51
Mar 2006	56	45	55
Apr 2006	47	26	40
May 2006	56	17	34
Jun 2006	49	56	75
Jul 2006	45	58	50
Aug 2006	35	48	67
Sep 2006	57	78	79
Oct 2006	31	99	80
Nov 2006	48	88	74
Dec 2006	54	66	67
Jan 2007	55	52	67
Feb 2007	54	57	65
Mar 2007	43	52	53
Apr 2007	54	28	34
May 2007	50	45	53
Jun 2007	44	52	57
Jul 2007	43	33	52
Aug 2007	42	35	34
Sep 2007	61	35	56
Oct 2007	65	22	54
Nov 2007	44	41	48
Dec 2007	37	22	28
Jan 2008	32	35	32
Feb 2008	56	35	58
Mar 2008	50	50	36
Apr 2008	41	32	35
May 2008	43	24	31
Jun 2008	60	27	28
Jul 2008	66	21	38
Aug 2008	59	18	27
Sep 2008	64	14	30
Oct 2008	60	18	30
Nov 2008	49	31	30
Dec 2008	25	15	17
Jan 2009	33	14	26
Feb 2009	57	8	31
Mar 2009	43	15	36
Apr 2009	48	19	28
May 2009	52	14	27
Jun 2009	32	21	42
Jul 2009	58	27	47
Aug 2009	30	15	18
Sep 2009	66	19	30
Oct 2009	72	14	22
Nov 2009	63	14	29
Dec 2009	58	20	33
Jan 2010	54	14	38
Feb 2010	44	25	23
Mar 2010	40	25	30
Apr 2010	40	33	34
May 2010	45	34	26
Jun 2010	45	24	32
Jul 2010	36	25	22
Aug 2010	51	28	30
Sep 2010	42	31	23
Oct 2010	61	35	20
Nov 2010	45	35	23
Dec 2010	26	28	23
Jan 2011	34	34	22
Feb 2011	46	33	23
Mar 2011	49	23	28
Apr 2011	41	22	27
May 2011	40	36	25
Jun 2011	76	15	22
Jul 2011	82	18	23
Aug 2011	84	25	23
Sep 2011	77	29	22
Oct 2011	100	20	27
Nov 2011	104	58	37
Dec 2011	66	56	35
Jan 2012	116	73	30
Feb 2012	74	84	37
Mar 2012	97	58	47
Apr 2012	66	52	28
May 2012	80	60	35
Jun 2012	75	86	43
Jul 2012	120	84	54
Aug 2012	110	84	48
Sep 2012	172	97	48
Oct 2012	133	87	53
Nov 2012	167	92	72
Dec 2012	115	61	42
Jan 2013	122	88	44
Feb 2013	128	86	52
Mar 2013	148	134	74
Apr 2013	159	148	54
May 2013	102	125	42
Jun 2013	103	58	40
Jul 2013	75	51	37
Aug 2013	83	51	30
Sep 2013	104	74	43
Oct 2013	117	85	54
Nov 2013	126	101	38
Dec 2013	86	97	41
Jan 2014	122	60	45
Feb 2014	144	65	55
Mar 2014	143	63	49
Apr 2014	111	74	35
May 2014	127	82	28
Jun 2014	85	54	32
Jul 2014	91	69	33
Aug 2014	109	59	24
Sep 2014	112	78	35
Oct 2014	110	96	50
Nov 2014	107	100	29
Dec 2014	90	47	30
Jan 2015	131	78	33
Feb 2015	133	78	34
Mar 2015	93	70	37
Apr 2015	165	80	38
May 2015	85	69	30
Jun 2015	88	153	32
Jul 2015	89	68	41
Aug 2015	81	82	29
Sep 2015	146	81	32
Oct 2015	56	36	20
Nov 2015	69	61	29
Dec 2015	88	52	22
Jan 2016	110	46	28
Feb 2016	75	73	25
Mar 2016	50	65	36
Apr 2016	105	74	39
May 2016	85	90	43
Jun 2016	45	46	25
Jul 2016	64	47	25
Aug 2016	81	41	26
Sep 2016	69	49	27
Oct 2016	81	37	31
Nov 2016	97	43	30
Dec 2016	83	41	18
Jan 2017	102	52	21
Feb 2017	44	26	35
Mar 2017	33	23	18
Apr 2017	21	57	28
May 2017	40	70	39
Jun 2017	30	51	18
Jul 2017	77	54	21
Aug 2017	82	49	19
Sep 2017	107	71	23
Oct 2017	93	59	19
Nov 2017	185	130	50
Dec 2017	110	77	30
Jan 2018	122	78	20
Feb 2018	134	96	32
Mar 2018	129	82	45
Apr 2018	163	127	43
May 2018	170	144	31
Jun 2018	127	101	32
Jul 2018	119	75	41
Aug 2018	128	94	36
Sep 2018	145	103	43
Oct 2018	193	103	52
Nov 2018	156	94	40
Dec 2018	149	91	47
Jan 2019	114	63	46
Feb 2019	104	77	40
Mar 2019	104	97	50
Apr 2019	72	72	39
May 2019	115	114	55
Jun 2019	90	89	37
Jul 2019	110	79	113
Aug 2019	105	72	32
Sep 2019	103	75	49
Oct 2019	124	87	49
Nov 2019	100	67	41
Dec 2019	236	198	55
Jan 2020	120	92	39
Feb 2020	108	84	36
Mar 2020	138	103	47
Apr 2020	121	98	62
May 2020	153	95	65
Jun 2020	154	106	56
Jul 2020	116	72	47
Aug 2020	117	89	54
Sep 2020	209	165	75
Oct 2020	173	143	73
Nov 2020	186	156	60
Dec 2020	182	128	46
Jan 2021	371	320	70
Feb 2021	199	157	72
Mar 2021	307	276	90
Apr 2021	256	205	84
May 2021	276	253	85
Jun 2021	211	215	100
Jul 2021	175	175	72
Aug 2021	220	220	141
Sep 2021	293	293	95
Oct 2021	307	239	114
Nov 2021	134	94	92
Dec 2021	174	158	80
Jan 2022	227	195	95
Feb 2022	292	311	148
Mar 2022	321	339	150
Apr 2022	284	258	104
May 2022	310	314	120
Jun 2022	279	257	61
Jul 2022	218	189	67
Aug 2022	252	216	76
Sep 2022	202	171	71
Oct 2022	312	250	79
Nov 2022	235	187	95
Dec 2022	222	156	78
Jan 2023	284	226	91
Feb 2023	260	196	71
Mar 2023	314	252	76
Apr 2023	191	157	63
May 2023	248	196	75
Jun 2023	220	172	80
Jul 2023	184	138	54
Aug 2023	216	155	69
Sep 2023	208	144	52
Oct 2023	294	232	67
Nov 2023	329	205	82
Dec 2023	629	80	23
Jan 2024	357	30	8
Feb 2024	328	24	17
Mar 2024	768	29	17
Total	27342	19630	10911

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