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J Epidemiol Community Health 2002;56:1 doi:10.1136/jech.56.1.1-a
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A controlled clinical trial in 1809?

  1. I Milne1,
  2. I Chalmers2
  1. 1Royal College of Physicians, 9 Queen Street, Edinburgh EH2 1JQ, UK
  2. 2UK Cochrane Centre, NHS Research and Development Programme, Middle Way, Oxford OX2 7LG, UK

      In his 1814 Edinburgh MD thesis (see figure), Alexander Hamilton described an experiment that took place during the Peninsular War to assess the effects of bloodletting. Hamilton and two other army surgeons carried out the experiment, …

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