Determinants of leisure time physical activity in rural compared with urban older and ethnically diverse women in the United States
- aDepartment of Exercise Science, School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA, bStanford Center for Research in Disease Prevention, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA, cDivision of Epidemiology, Department of Health Research and Policy, and Stanford Center for Research in Disease Prevention, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, dPrevention Research Center, School of Public Health, Saint Louis University, St Louis, MO, USA
- Dr Wilcox (swilcox{at}sph.sc.edu)
- Accepted 4 May 2000
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE Determinants of leisure time physical activity (LTPA) in rural middle aged and older women of diverse racial and ethnic groups are not well understood. This study examined: (1) urban-rural differences in LTPA by sociodemographic factors, (2) urban-rural differences in LTPA determinants, and (3) the pattern of relations between LTPA determinants and LTPA.
DESIGN A modified version of the sampling plan of the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey (BRFSS) was used. Zip codes were selected with 20% or more of each of the following race/ethnic groups: African American, American Indian/Alaskan Native (AI/AN), and Hispanic. A comparison group of white women were also surveyed using standard BRFSS techniques.
PARTICIPANTS Rural (n=1242) and urban (n=1096) women aged 40 years and older from the US Women's Determinants Study.
MAIN RESULTS Rural women, especially Southern and less educated women, were more sedentary than urban women. Rural women reported more personal barriers to LTPA, cited caregiving duties as their top barrier (compared with lack of time for urban women), and had greater body mass indices. Rural women were less likely to report sidewalks, streetlights, high crime, access to facilities, and frequently seeing others exercise in their neighbourhood. Multivariate correlates of sedentary behaviour in rural women were AI/AN and African American race, older age, less education, lack of enjoyable scenery, not frequently seeing others exercise, greater barriers, and less social support (p<0.05); and in urban women, older age, greater barriers, less social support (p<0.05), and less education (p<0.09).
CONCLUSIONS Rural and urban women seem to face different barriers and enablers to LTPA, and have a different pattern of determinants, thus providing useful information for designing more targeted interventions.
Footnotes
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Funding: this study was funded through the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention contract U48/CCU710806 (Prevention Research Centers Program), including support from the Community Prevention Study of the NIH Women's Health Initiative.
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Conflicts of interest: none.
