Reviewing a book on peer review is not without some degree of boldness, even more when one knows about some of the limitations of peer review. But it is precisely the increasing effort to “guard the guardians” that is largely summarised in this book, grouped under three main titles: how it is now and what we know, how to do it, and the future. Godlee and Jefferson, with the contribution of 28 other prominent editors of biomedical journals, researchers in the area of peer review and funders, succeed in pulling together the not always consistent evidence on the role of …