© 2003 BMJ Publishing Group Ltd
SHORT REPORT
Cold related mortality in England and Wales; influence of social class in working and retired age groups
Medical Sciences Building, Queen Mary and Westfield College, London, UK
Correspondence to:
Correspondence to:
Professor W R Keatinge
Medical Sciences Building, Queen Mary and Westfield College, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK; w.r.keatinge@qmul.ac.uk
Accepted 26 February 2003
Keywords: cold; mortality; class; deprivation; gender
| The first 150 words of the full text of this article appear below. |
Percentage increases in mortality in winter were generally higher among lower than higher social classes in 1970–72,1 but recent studies show no clear association with regional estimates of deprivation.2,3 We now assess cold related mortalities (always expressed as a fraction of baseline mortality) among social classes in England and Wales, in working and retired age groups, to look for any current effects of social class, and to see whether any such effects are work related.
Daily deaths 1998–2000 from the Office of National Statistics, for men and women in England and Wales aged 65–74 years and 50–59 years, were extracted by class (when recorded), as 1 (professional), 2 (managerial and technical), 3N (non-manual skilled), 3M (manual skilled), 4 (partly skilled), or 5 (unskilled), with between 896 and 66 477 deaths in each age, sex and class group. Married women with only domestic occupations at home, assigned their husband’s class, are
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