J Epidemiol Community Health 2001;55:873-877 ( December )

Research report

Paternal contribution to birth weight P Magnus^a, H K Gjessing^b, A Skrondal^a, R Skjærven^{b c}

^a Department of Population Health Sciences, National Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway, ^b Section for Medical Statistics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway, ^c Medical Birth Registry of Norway, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway

Correspondence to: Dr Magnus, Section of Epidemiology, Department of Population Health Sciences, National Institute of Public Health, PO Box 4404 Nydalen, 0403 Oslo, Norway (per.magnus{at}folkehelsa.no)

Accepted for publication 6 June 2001

STUDY OBJECTIVEUnderstanding causes of variation in birth weight has been limited by lack of sufficient sets of data that include paternal birth weight. The objective was to estimate risks of low birth weight dependent on parental birth weights and to estimate father-mother-offspring correlations for birth weight to explain the variability in birth weight in terms of effects of genes and environmental factors.
DESIGNA family design, using trios of father-mother-firstborn child.
SETTINGThe complete birth population in Norway 1967-98.
PARTICIPANTS67 795 families.
MAIN RESULTSThe birth weight correlations were 0.226 for mother-child and 0.126 for father-child. The spousal correlation was low, 0.020. The relative risk of low birth weight in the first born child was 8.2 if both parents were low birth weight themselves, with both parents being above 4 kg as the reference. The estimate of heritability is about 0.25 for birth weight, under the assumption that cultural transmission on the paternal side has no effect on offspring prenatal growth.
CONCLUSIONSPaternal birth weight is a significant and independent predictor of low birth weight in offspring. The estimate of the heritability of birth weight in this study is lower than previously estimated from data within one generation in the Norwegian population.


Keywords: birth weight; genes; paternal effects

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© 2001 by Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health
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