Research report
Mortality among male and female smokers in Sweden: a 33 year
follow up
S Nilssona, J M Carstensena, G Pershagenb
a Department of Health
and Society, Tema Institute, Linköping University, Linköping,
Sweden, b Division of Environmental Epidemiology,
Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm,
Sweden
Correspondence to: Dr Nilsson (stani{at}tema.liu.se)
Accepted for publication 22 May 2001
STUDY OBJECTIVE
It is
still unclear if men and women are equally susceptible to the hazards
of tobacco smoking. The objective of this study was to examine smoking
related mortality among men and women.
DESIGNIn 1963 a
questionnaire concerning tobacco smoking habits was sent out to a
random sample from the 1960 Swedish census population. Date and cause
of death have been collected for the deceased in the cohort through 1996.
SETTINGSweden.
PARTICIPANTSThe
survey included a total of 27 841 men and 28 089 women, aged 18-69
years. The response rate was 93.1% among the men and 95.4% among the women.
MAIN RESULTSAfter
adjustment for age and place of residence positive associations were
found between cigarette smoking and mortality from ischaemic heart
disease, aortic aneurysm, bronchitis and emphysema, cancer of the lung,
upper aerodigestive sites, bladder, pancreas in both men and women, but
not from cerebrovascular disease. When the effect of amount of the
cigarette consumption was considered, female smokers displayed, for
example, slightly higher relative death rates from ischaemic heart
disease. However, no statistically significant gender differential in
relative mortality rates was observed for any of the studied diseases.
CONCLUSIONSWomen and
men in this Swedish cohort seem equally susceptible to the hazards of
smoking, when the gender differential in smoking characteristics is
accounted for. Although the cohort under study is large, there were few
female smokers in the high consuming categories and the relative risk
estimates are therefore accompanied by wide confidence intervals in
these categories.
Keywords: smoking; cause specific mortality
© 2001 by Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health
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