Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, Vol 53, 481-487

Coffee and tea consumption in the Scottish Heart Health Study follow up: conflicting relations with coronary risk factors, coronary disease, and all cause mortality

M Woodward and H Tunstall-Pedoe
Department of Applied Statistics, University of Reading.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To relate habitual (cups per day) tea and coffee consumption to conventional coronary risk factors and subsequent risk of coronary heart disease and death. DESIGN: Cohort study. SETTING: Nationwide random population study. PARTICIPANTS: Over 11,000 men and women aged 40-59 who took part in the Scottish Heart Health Study lifestyle and risk factor survey in 1984-87. Participants were followed up to the end of 1993, an average of 7.7 years, for all cause mortality, coronary death, or any major coronary event (death, non- fatal infarction or coronary artery surgery). Cox's proportional hazards regression model was used to estimate the hazard in consumers of tea and coffee relative to the zero consumption group, both before and after correction for other factors. MAIN RESULTS: Coffee and tea consumption showed a strong inverse relation. For many conventional risk factors, coffee showed a weak, but beneficial, gradient with increasing consumption, whereas increasing tea consumption showed the reverse. Increasing coffee consumption was associated with beneficial effects for mortality and coronary morbidity, whereas tea showed the opposite. Adjusting for age and social class had some effect in reducing associations. Multiple adjustment for other risk factors removed the associations for tea and most of those for coffee although there was a residual benefit of coffee consumption in avoiding heart disease among men. CONCLUSIONS: The epidemiological differences shown in this study occurred despite the pharmacological similarities between tea and coffee. Either they differ more than is realised, or they identify contrasting associated lifestyle and health risks, for which this multiple adjustment was inadequate.

Copyright © 1999 by the Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health
CiteULike    Complore    Connotea    Del.icio.us    Digg    Reddit    Technorati    What's this?

This article has been cited by other articles:

• Grassi, D., Aggio, A., Onori, L., Croce, G., Tiberti, S., Ferri, C., Ferri, L., Desideri, G. (2008). Tea, Flavonoids, and Nitric Oxide-Mediated Vascular Reactivity. J. Nutr. 138: 1554S-1560S [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Lopez-Garcia, E., van Dam, R. M., Li, T. Y., Rodriguez-Artalejo, F., Hu, F. B. (2008). The Relationship of Coffee Consumption with Mortality. ANN INTERN MED 148: 904-914 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• van Woudenbergh, G. J., Vliegenthart, R., van Rooij, F. J.A., Hofman, A., Oudkerk, M., Witteman, J. C.M., Geleijnse, J. M. (2008). Coffee Consumption and Coronary Calcification: The Rotterdam Coronary Calcification Study. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio. 28: 1018-1023 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Debette, S., Courbon, D., Leone, N., Gariepy, J., Tzourio, C., Dartigues, J.-F., Barberger-Gateau, P., Ritchie, K., Alperovitch, A., Amouyel, P., Ducimetiere, P., Zureik, M. (2008). Tea Consumption Is Inversely Associated With Carotid Plaques in Women. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio. 28: 353-359 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Silletta, M. G., Marfisi, R., Levantesi, G., Boccanelli, A., Chieffo, C., Franzosi, M., Geraci, E., Maggioni, A. P., Nicolosi, G., Schweiger, C., Tavazzi, L., Tognoni, G., Marchioli, R., on behalf of the GISSI-Prevenzione Investigators, (2007). Coffee Consumption and Risk of Cardiovascular Events After Acute Myocardial Infarction: Results From the GISSI (Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio della Sopravvivenza nell'Infarto miocardico)-Prevenzione Trial. Circulation 116: 2944-2951 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Erdman, J. W. Jr., Balentine, D., Arab, L., Beecher, G., Dwyer, J. T., Folts, J., Harnly, J., Hollman, P., Keen, C. L., Mazza, G., Messina, M., Scalbert, A., Vita, J., Williamson, G., Burrowes, J. (2007). Flavonoids and Heart Health: Proceedings of the ILSI North America Flavonoids Workshop, May 31-June 1, 2005, Washington, DC. J. Nutr. 137: 718S-737S [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Rosner, S. A., Akesson, A., Stampfer, M. J., Wolk, A. (2007). Coffee Consumption and Risk of Myocardial Infarction among Older Swedish Women. Am J Epidemiol 165: 288-293 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Lopez-Garcia, E., van Dam, R. M, Qi, L., Hu, F. B (2006). Coffee consumption and markers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction in healthy and diabetic women.. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 84: 888-893 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Vlachopoulos, C., Alexopoulos, N., Dima, I., Aznaouridis, K., Andreadou, I., Stefanadis, C. (2006). Acute Effect of Black and Green Tea on Aortic Stiffness and Wave Reflections. J. Am. Coll. Nutr. 25: 216-223 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Lopez-Garcia, E., van Dam, R. M., Willett, W. C., Rimm, E. B., Manson, J. E., Stampfer, M. J., Rexrode, K. M., Hu, F. B. (2006). Coffee Consumption and Coronary Heart Disease in Men and Women: A Prospective Cohort Study. Circulation 113: 2045-2053 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Andersen, L. F., Jacobs, D. R Jr, Carlsen, M. H, Blomhoff, R. (2006). Consumption of coffee is associated with reduced risk of death attributed to inflammatory and cardiovascular diseases in the Iowa Women's Health Study. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 83: 1039-1046 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Cornelis, M. C., El-Sohemy, A., Kabagambe, E. K., Campos, H. (2006). Coffee, CYP1A2 Genotype, and Risk of Myocardial Infarction. JAMA 295: 1135-1141 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Namdar, M., Koepfli, P., Grathwohl, R., Siegrist, P. T., Klainguti, M., Schepis, T., Delaloye, R., Wyss, C. A., Fleischmann, S. P., Gaemperli, O., Kaufmann, P. A. (2006). Caffeine Decreases Exercise-Induced Myocardial Flow Reserve. J Am Coll Cardiol 47: 405-410 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• John, W G., Noonan, K., Mannan, N., Boucher, B. J (2005). Hypovitaminosis D is associated with reductions in serum apolipoprotein A-I but not with fasting lipids in British Bangladeshis. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 82: 517-522 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Happonen, P., Voutilainen, S., Salonen, J. T. (2004). Coffee Drinking Is Dose-Dependently Related to the Risk of Acute Coronary Events in Middle-Aged Men. J. Nutr. 134: 2381-2386 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Yang, Y.-C., Lu, F.-H., Wu, J.-S., Wu, C.-H., Chang, C.-J. (2004). The Protective Effect of Habitual Tea Consumption on Hypertension. Arch Intern Med 164: 1534-1540 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Lorenz, M., Wessler, S., Follmann, E., Michaelis, W., Dusterhoft, T., Baumann, G., Stangl, K., Stangl, V. (2004). A Constituent of Green Tea, Epigallocatechin-3-gallate, Activates Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase by a Phosphatidylinositol-3-OH-kinase-, cAMP-dependent Protein Kinase-, and Akt-dependent Pathway and Leads to Endothelial-dependent Vasorelaxation. J. Biol. Chem. 279: 6190-6195 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Siegel, S., Sokolowska, M., Kim, J. A., Lovallo, W. R., Whitsett, T. L., Wilson, M. F., Schmitt, J., Schmitt, J., Notarius, C. F., Rongen, G. A., Floras, J. S., Corti, R., Binggeli, C., Sudano, I., Spieker, L., Ruschitzka, F., Luscher, T. F., Noll, G., Hanseler, E., Chaplin, W. F. (2003). Caffeine and Coffee Tolerance * Response. Circulation 108 : e38-e40 [Full Text]  
• Sesso, H. D, Paffenbarger, R. S Jr, Oguma, Y., Lee, I-M. (2003). Lack of association between tea and cardiovascular disease in college alumni. Int J Epidemiol 32: 527-533 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Corti, R., Binggeli, C., Sudano, I., Spieker, L., Hanseler, E., Ruschitzka, F., Chaplin, W. F., Luscher, T. F., Noll, G. (2002). Coffee Acutely Increases Sympathetic Nerve Activity and Blood Pressure Independently of Caffeine Content: Role of Habitual Versus Nonhabitual Drinking. Circulation 106: 2935-2940 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Mukamal, K. J., Maclure, M., Muller, J. E., Sherwood, J. B., Mittleman, M. A. (2002). Tea Consumption and Mortality After Acute Myocardial Infarction. Circulation 105: 2476-2481 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• McKay, D. L., Blumberg, J. B. (2002). The Role of Tea in Human Health: An Update. J. Am. Coll. Nutr. 21: 1-13 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Peters, U., Poole, C., Arab, L. (2001). Does Tea Affect Cardiovascular Disease? A Meta-Analysis. Am J Epidemiol 154: 495-503 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Mortensen, E. L., Jensen, H. H., Sanders, S. A., Reinisch, J. M. (2001). Better Psychological Functioning and Higher Social Status May Largely Explain the Apparent Health Benefits of Wine: A Study of Wine and Beer Drinking in Young Danish Adults. Arch Intern Med 161: 1844-1848 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Arts, I. C., Hollman, P. C., Feskens, E. J., Bueno de Mesquita, H B., Kromhout, D. (2001). Catechin intake might explain the inverse relation between tea consumption and ischemic heart disease: the Zutphen Elderly Study. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 74: 227-232 [Abstract] [Full Text]